Static Test Results

Static tests were performed applying a ramp at the constant rate of 0.03mm/s and measuring the resistand load.
Tests were performed on 5 specimen. During the test the load level was acquired every 1 second. The tests was concluded when failure or plastic bending deformation higher than 5mm occurred (4mm for System A).

Load vs. position curves for dental “System T”	Load vs. position curves for dental “System S”	Load vs. position curves for dental “System A”

Maximum bending moment was calculated as:

M=0.5 x F x L

Where L is the distance of the clamping plane to the loading center. Considering that the hemisphere has a radius of 5mm and that it is positioned protruding from the abutment of 2.8mm, the loading centre is located 2.2mm below the measure length L.

Results are as follows:

System T:
Calculated maximum average load was 591 ± 52 N
Average maximum bending was 220 ± 11 (N x cm)

System S:
Calculated maximum average load was 774 ± 67 N
Average maximum bending was 337 ± 20 (N x cm)

System A:
Calculated maximum average load was 393 ± 47 N
Average maximum bending was 213 ± 28 (N x cm)

Please note: All specimens (System T) showed a great plastic deformation. Only one was fractured at considered maximum level of strain.

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Fatigue tests results (System T)

A cyclic sinusoidal unidirectional load was applied. The minimum load of the sinusoidal cycle was selected as 10% of the maximum nominal load. The loading frequency was 10 Hz.
The 80% of the average maximum load calculated with the static tests described above, was used as starting load for fatigue tests. All tests were performed in air at 22 ± 3 °C.

Fatigue test results

Sample	Ltot (mm)	Cycle	Max Load (N)	Max bending moment (Ncm)	Failure
1	8.6	428,000	472	203	Yes
2	8.7	358,000	472	205	Yes
3	8.7	173,000	413	180	Yes
4	8.5	5.62E+06	413	176	No
5	8.9	570,000	413	184	Yes
6	9.0	5.14E+06	384	173	No
7	8.5	4.20E+06	384	163	Yes
8	8.8	5.92E+06	354	156	No
9	8.7	7.48E+06	354	154	No
10	8.6	5.01E+06	354	152	No

The fatigue limit at 5 million cycles was identified at 354 N, corresponding to a maximum bending moment of 154 N
x cm.

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Torque tests results (System T)

Mechanical tests were performed on System T in order to evaluate the torque resistance of the connection between fixture and abutment

 

Compression Tests results (System T)

	Mechanical compression tests were performed on System T in order to evaluate the compression resistance of the system. The maximum compression average load was 6625 ± 377 N. Please note: Specimens’ position change during compression tests was related to the gradual falling of the fixture in the connection jig and it is not connected with the mechanical performance of the connection.

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Measurement of the gap between fixture and abutment (System T)

The gap between fixture and abutment was measured on system T, both on not tested specimens and on specimens that survived the fatigue test (5 million cycle at 354 N).

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Roughness measurement

Roughness was measured on the implant surface using a 3D laser profilometer.
Three different surfaces were analysed: